Assalam-o-Alikum
Hajj is Approaching, and Many of Us (Inshallah including me) are planning to perform Hajj, so instead of continuing my previous topic of Tauheed, I will try to cover different issues concerning Hajj and Qurbani. Inshallah After Hajj I will continue with the topic of Tawheed.
Hajj is the 5th pillar of Islam. and it is Fard to perform Hajj once in a lifetime, for those who can afford, afford in terms of Finance, Health and other aspects
Conditions of Hajj being obligatory
--------- (Extract from a Fatwa) --------
The scholars (may Allaah have mercy on them) have stated the conditions of Hajj being obligatory, which, if they are met, make it obligatory for a person to perform Hajj, and without them Hajj is not obligatory. There are five such conditions:
1. Being Muslim
2. Being of sound mind
3. Being an adult
4. Being free
5. Being able to do it.
1 – Being Muslim
This applies to all acts of worship, because worship done by a kaafir is not valid. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And nothing prevents their contributions from being accepted from them except that they disbelieved in Allaah and in His Messenger"
[al-Tawbah 9:54]
According to the hadeeth of Mu'aadh, when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) sent him to Yemen, he said: "You are going to people from among the people of the Book. Call them to bear witness that there is no god but Allaah and that I am the Messenger of Allaah. If they obey you in that, then tell them that Allaah has enjoined on them five prayers each day and night. If they obey you in that, then tell them that Allaah has enjoined on them charity (zakaah) to be taken from their rich and given to their poor." Agreed upon.
So the kaafir is commanded first of all to enter Islam. If he becomes Muslim, then we tell him to pray, give zakaah, fast, perform Hajj and all the other duties of Islam.
2 and 3 – being of sound mind and being an adult
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The pen is lifted from three [and does not record their deeds]: from one who is sleeping, until he wakes up; from a child until he reaches puberty, and from one who is insane until he comes to his senses." Narrated by Abu Dawood, 4403; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood.
So a child is not obliged to perform Hajj, but if his parents take him for Hajj, his Hajj is valid; the child will have the reward of Hajj and his parents will also have a reward, because when a woman lifted up a child and asked, "Is there Hajj for this one?" the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Yes, and you will have the reward." Narrated by Muslim.
4 – Being free
Hajj is not obligatory for a slave, because he is distracted by his duties towards his master.
5 – Being able to do it
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) to the House (Ka'bah) is a duty that mankind owes to Allaah, those who can afford the expenses (for one's conveyance, provision and residence)"
[Aal 'Imraan 3:97]
This includes being able both physically and financially.
What is meant by being physically able is that one is sound in body and can bear the hardship of travelling to the sacred House of Allaah.
Being financially able means that one has enough funds to get to the sacred House of Allaah and back again.
The Standing Committee said (11/30):
Being able to do Hajj means that one is sound in body and has means of transportation to reach the sacred House of Allaah whether by plane, car or riding animal, or by renting such means, according to his situation, and that he has sufficient provisions to get there and back. That should be surplus to what he needs to spend on those on whom he is obliged to spend, until he returns from Hajj. A woman should also have a husband or mahram with whom to travel to Hajj or 'Umrah. End quote.
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In one of the Fatwa they have also explained that the person who is in debt, It is preferable that he pays off his debt First. Else he can ask permission from the Lender for performing Hajj. If Lender allows him, He may perform Hajj. But he should keep in mind that if he died before Paying off the debt, the Prophet Mohammad (Peace and Blessing of Allah be upon him) said that even the martyr is forgiven for everything except debt,
There is one more obligatory condition for woman that they must be accompanied by their husbands or Mahrums.
Types of Hajj
--------------- (Extract from another Fatwa) ---------------
There are three types of Hajj: Tamattu', Ifraad and Qiraan.
Tamattu'
Tamattu' means entering ihraam for 'Umrah only during the months of Hajj (the months of Hajj are Shawwaal, Dhu'l-Qi'dah and Dhu'l-Hijjah; see al-Sharh al-Mumti', 7/62). When the pilgrim reaches Makkah he performs tawaaf and saa'i for 'Umrah, and shaves his head or cuts his hair, and exits ihraam. Then when the day of al-Tarwiyah, which is the 8th of Dhu'l-Hijjah, comes, he enters ihraam for Hajj only, and does all the actions of Hajj. So Tamattu' involves a complete 'Umrah and a complete Hajj.
Ifraad
Ifraad means entering ihraam for Hajj only. When the pilgrim reaches Makkah he performs tawaaf al-qudoom (tawaaf of arrival) and saa'i for Hajj, but he does not shave or cut his hair and does not exit ihraam, rather he remains in ihraam until he exits ihraam after stoning Jamarat al-'Aqabah on the day of Eid. If he delays the saa'i of Hajj until after the tawaaf of Hajj, there is nothing wrong with that.
Qiraan
Qiraan means entering ihraam for 'Umrah and Hajj both together. Or entering ihraam for 'Umrah first then including Hajj in that before starting the tawaaf of Hajj. That is done by intending that his tawaaf and saa'i will be for both Hajj and 'Umrah.
The actions done in Qiraan are the same as those done in Ifraad, except that the pilgrim doing Qiraan has to offer a hadiy (sacrifice) whereas the pilgrim doing Ifraad does not.
The best of these three types of Hajj is Tamattu'. This is what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) enjoined upon his companions and urged them to do. Even if a person enters ihraam for Qiraan or Ifraad, then it is strongly recommended for him to change his intention to 'Umrah, then complete 'Umrah and exit ihraam, so that he will then be doing Tamattu'. He may do that after doing tawaaf al-qudoom and saa'i – because when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did tawaaf and saa'i during his Farewell Pilgrimage, and his companions were with him, he told everyone who did not have a sacrificial animal (hadiy) to change his intention and make his ihraam for 'Umrah and to cut his hair and exit ihraam, and he said, "Were it not that I have brought the hadiy with me, I would do what I have commanded you to do."
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References
Also you can search answers to your questions and get information from the official website of Standing Committee of Scholars - The General Presidency of Scholarly research and Issuing Fatwa (Saudi Arabia) on http://www.alifta.net/Default.aspx
For Questions, Suggestions, Objections, Correction, Kindly feel free to reply to this e-mail or post your comments on http://asimharoon85.blogspot.com
And surely Allah knows the best...
JazakAllah
Asim Haroon
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